Since the last century, universities in developed countries have begun to work on technology transfer. Thus, the process of marketing the technologies discovered by those universities became an engine of economic growth, as these universities played a significant role in bringing innovative ideas to the market. Since then, technology transfer activities that were previously practiced by elite universities have received attention due to increasing university revenues, creating research links between academia and industry.

In this paper, we review the aspects related to the process of technology transfer in terms of its importance, and its model of work in universities, starting with the phase of discovering and evaluating the invention, the phase of patenting, and ending with the phase of marketing. The working mechanism of Technology Transfer Office (TTO) and the infrastructure necessary to establish these offices and the role of entrepreneurship and innovation centers in universities to perform their role effectively is also highlighted. The research aims to design an optimal dynamic and flexible model of the TTO at the University of Gharyan rearranging some traditional components and establish additional innovation pathways and make it more effective.

Keywords:Technology Transfer Office (TTO); Technological Transfer models; economic development.

• Experimental and theoretical comparisons have been performed for natural convection heat transfer over rectangular fins array at different fin parameters. This investigation includes the effect of fin length, fin spacing, fin height, orientation angle, and temperature difference between the heat sink and the surrounding environment. To understand the general flow patterns dominating flows from the heat sink, the three dimensionless elliptic governing equations were solved using finite volume computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, and the experimental work was carried for the system at different orientations. A new empirical correlation (modified of McAdam's correlation) was derived to correlate the mean Nusselt number as a function of the Rayleigh number. The average heat transfer coefficient has a maximum value at an orientation angle equal to zero degrees, and it decreases with an increasing orientation angle. The heat transfer rate per unit base area increases as fin spacing increase until it reaches a maximum value (6.5 mm), then it decreases with a further increase of fin spacing. The results of these investigations between the experimental and theoretical study were showing good agreements with similar international works.

ABSTRACT :

Transport modes are very important to Libyan’s Gharian travellers for their

activities and daily trips. However, the increase of total number of private car and

private transport namely (taxi and micro buses) on the road increases and causes

many road problems such as traffic congestion, accidents and noise pollution. The

aim of this research is to study the two important factors to shifting to public

transportation. Analyses about relation between factors as travel time and cost

have been made to answer research questions. A questionnaire survey in Gharian

city was carried out to study the potential reduction of private cars on road through

optimal use of suitable public transportation system (PT) in order to reduce traffic

congestion problems such as travel time. Logistic regression model has been used

to analyse the factors that influence users to shift their trips to public transportation

alternatives.

Key words: travel time, travel cost, private car, public transport (PT), traffic

congestion and Logistic regression.

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Experimental and numerical investigations have been performed to study the natural convection heat transfer from a vertical rectangular fin arrays at different orientation angles.An experimental setup was constructed and calibrated to test different fin configurations. It basically consists of base plate, an array of parallel longitudinal fins, heating unit and layers of thermal insulation. Fin length (L) and fin thickness (t) were kept fixed at 187 and 6.5 mm respectively, while fin spacing (S) was varied from 3 to 16 mm and fin height (H) was varied from 15 to 45 mm. The orientation angle (β) was changed from 0° to 60°, and temperature difference between fin and surrounding (∆T) from 30 to 95 o C.Base-to-ambient temperature difference was also varied through a calibrated wattmeter ranging from 10 to 180W. To understand the general flow patterns dominating flows from the heat sink, the three-dimensionless elliptic governing equations were solved using finite volume computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. A comparative study between the experimental and numerical results was performed to verify the numerical code. It was found for the configuration tested that the heat transfer rate per unit base area increases with the increase in the fin spacing and reaches a maximum value then decreases with farther increase in the fin spacing. The maximum heat dissipation occurs at optimal spacing S opt =7 mm. Empirical correlations between Nussult number, Rayleigh number, fin spacing, fin height, orientation angle, temperature difference between the fin and surroundings were derived. Finally the present work general empirical formula is given in the form =. .. .. Where , 15 mm ≤ H ≤ 45 mm, 3mm ≤ S ≤ 16 mm, °0 ≤ β ≤°60, t = 6.5 mm, L = 187 mm.

In recent years, wireless communication systems have a high demand for high data throughput, high quality and spectrum efficiency. Massive MIMO is one of the new ideas in 5G. The idea is to expand the conventional MIMO system by installing large number of antennas in the base station to make better use of spatial diversity in order to provide higher throughput while using the same spectrum. However, in order to separate users and data streams and eliminate interference, an effective channel estimation technique with minimum overhead is crucial. In this paper, we propose a channel estimation technique to estimate the channel state information based on Kalman Filter. The received predetermined data is used by Kalman filter to estimate the channel, which is then used to detect the following data symbols in the same frame. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is compared to the well-known Least square (LS) and Minimum Mean square Error (MMSE) schemes. The performance of the proposed scheme is assessed using computer simulation, and the obtained results for the proposed channel estimation demonstrate improved bit error rate performance in time-varying Rayleigh fading channels.

MANETs is a type of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks and it contains a set of nodes that do not need central management to communicate with each other because each node can act as a sender, receiver and router at the same time. All these nodes can perform self-configuration. The ad hoc stationary or mobile networks face many challenges such as limited bandwidth, congestion and data transfer speed. Therefore, it is extremely important to develop an intelligent routing protocol to encounter these challenges. An evaluation study is also important to perform the backoff contention window effectively in order to know the obstacles and avoid them. This paper concentrates on the performance of backoff contention window using the main routing protocols such as DSR, DSDV and AODV for MANETs networks in crowded areas with random movement. The important parameters which include network throughput …

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