Abstract

This qualitative research has been explored factors affecting English language learner performance and teacher effectiveness. Specifically, it has been investigated key elements impacting English language teacher effectiveness and learner proficiency, grounded in established theoretical frameworks and prior research. The study has been aimed to understand how to enhance the English language teaching process by addressing challenges originating from teachers. It has been provided a clear definition of an effective teacher and clarified the meaning of "effectiveness" within language instruction. Furthermore, it has been elucidated the characteristics of effective language teachers and presented a comprehensive understanding of professionalism and teacher professional development. It also has been explored teachers' perceptions regarding the qualities of effective English language instructors and outlined concrete steps for impactful professional development initiatives. Furthermore, it has been identified common challenges in teaching English effectively faced by educators and have been proposed practical remedies to overcome these obstacles. Finally, it has been concluded with recommendations for the Ministry of Education, advocating for systemic interventions that influence policy, resource allocation, and national strategy to cultivate a culture of continuous learning and excellence among English language teachers.

Keywords: English Language Learners, Teacher Effectiveness, Learner Proficiency, Professional Development, English Language Teaching, Pedagogical Challenges, Teacher Professionalism, Educational Policy.

Abstract:

This research deals with estimating the likely switch of own car and private vehicles modes

users to public transport modes in the main cities as Tripoli Capital city of Libya due to

reduced travel time of all trips influenced by travel costs through the introducing the public

transport modes such as public buses and increasing cost of car parking. The data on other

factors (variables) that could potentially reason a model switch of from own cars and private

transport to public transport were collected through a survey (questionnaire) with a specified

preference approach. Mode-switch models to describe the switch of behaviour of own car

operators to public transport are developed. A binary logit regression model was used to

assessment the transport displacement model for work and study trips. Mode-switch

likelihood curves have also, been developed to serve as a user-friendly tool to analyse the

likely model-switch for a variety of variables. One way to achieve this objective is by

establishing reserved public transport lanes on main urban Tripoli city roads. The providing of

private road lanes will reduce the level of road traffic congestion and this may effect in a

switch of all or some private transport mode users to public transport modes.

Key words: Own car, Public transport modes, logit model, Travel time, Travel cost, parking

cost and switch probabilities.

This paper proposes a novel robust blind color image watermarking technique that combines entropy analysis, lifting wavelet transform (LWT), QR factorization, and discrete cosine transform (DCT) for copyright protection. The RGB components of the color image are first separated, and the R component is then subjected to the 2-level LWT. Following DCT is applied to the 2-level LWT's high-frequency sub-band, the DCT coefficients are separated into 4x4 non-overlapping blocks. Each chosen block is then subjected to QR factorization, and the watermark is embedded in the first row and first column element of the upper triangular matrix. Numerous simulated tests show that the presented scheme is highly imperceptible and robust to attacks. The presented watermarking scheme performs better than the others in terms of invisibility, according to comparisons with comparable schemes.

With the growing demand for fast and reliable telecommunications infrastructure, deploying a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) network has become a necessity to support both economic and social development. This paper presents three proposed layouts for designing an LTE network in the downtown area of Gharyan, which represents the city’s central and most densely populated zone. The project was motivated by the uneven distribution of coverage across the area, whereseveral locations experience either a complete lack of service or very weak signal reception. The aim is to support the city’s digital transformation by improving access to mobile internet and data services, which in turn enhances business performance, emergency response, public service efficiency, education, remote learning, telemedicine, and remote work opportunities. To implement this plan, the design process relied on Mentum Planet software, a tool specialized in mobile network planning, using real-world terrain and signal data provided by Almadar Company. Three different network layout designs were simulated using two built-in propagation models: the Planet General Model (PGM) and the Q9 model. These simulations were conducted to assess signal strength and coverage across the study area. The analysis showed that one of the layouts provided significantly better signal quality and broader coverage compared to the others. Moreover, the Q9 model proved more reliable in predicting signal behavior in densely built urban settings. Based on these findings, a set of technical recommendations has been developed to guide the future implementation of LTE networks in similar environments, while also addressing challenges such as terrain variations, signal interference, and infrastructurelimitations. In conclusion, this work contributes to enhancing telecommunications services in Gharyan and supports broader efforts toward innovation and digital inclusion across key sectors in the region.

This research deals with estimating the likely switch of car ownership drivers and private transport vehicles modes

users to public transportation system (PT) modes in the main cities as Tripoli Capital city of Libya due to reduced

shopping travel time of all trips influenced by age, household size. Car ownership and shopping distance through

the introducing the public transport modes such as public buses. The data on other factors (variables) that could

potentially reason a model switch of from car ownership drivers and private transport vehicles modes users to

public transport were collected through a survey (questionnaire) with a specified predilection method. Modeswitch models to describe the switch of conduct of own car operators to PT system are developed. A binary

logistic regression model was used to assessment the transport displacement model for shopping trips. Probability

curves have been developed to change the position so that it is a user-friendly tool for analysing the potential

transformation Model of a variety of variables. One way to achieve this objective is by establishing reserved

public transportation lanes on main urban Tripoli city roads. The providing of private road lanes will increase of

service road level and reduce the level of road traffic congestion and this may effect in a switch of all or some

private transport mode users to public transport modes.

Key words: Own car, Public transport modes, logit model, shopping Travel time, shopping distance, age, car

ownership and switch probabilities, likelihood..

الملخص

يواجه استقرار الجهد تحديات كبيرة بسبب الطلب المتزايد على الكهرباء والاعتماد على خطوط النقل الطويلة، خاصة في شبكات الجهد المتوسط بجنوب ليبيا. تركز هذه الدراسة على شبكة سبها بجهد 66 كيلو فولت، التي تعاني من عدم استقرار الجهد نتيجة الاعتماد على مصادر توليد الطاقة الشمالية وخسائر الطاقة التفاعلية العالية. باستخدام برنامج، NEPLAN تم تقييم فعالية جهازين من تقنيات، FACTS وهما المعوض المتزامن الثابت (SVC) والمعوض المتزامن الديناميكي، (STATCOM) في تحسين استقرار الجهد.

تناولت الدراسة ثلاثة سيناريوهات: بدون تعويض، باستخدام، SVC وباستخدام. STATCOM أظهرت النتائج أن كلا الجهازين يحسنان استقرار الجهد بشكل ملحوظ ويقللان من خسائر الطاقة، مع تفوق STATCOM في الاستجابة الديناميكية والكفاءة الإجمالية. تؤكد هذه النتائج أهمية تقنيات التعويض المتقدمة في ضمان استقرار وموثوقية توصيل الطاقة في الظروف التشغيلية الصعبة.

Abstract: This paper presents simulation technique for life assessment of the insulation of the power transformer. Load and ambient temperatures are two important factors that influence the hot spot of transformers. The transformer hot spot temperature is one of the most critical parameter in determining the life of transformer paper insulation. The simulation (Matlab Software Package) is based on related international standards as the IEC 60076-7:2005 loading guide method. Load and ambient temperatures of the transformer obtain from General Electrical Company and meteorology office of Libya are used as the input for the simulation together with transformer parameters from heat run test. Hottest spot temperature and loss-of-life are calculated. Lifetime of transformer is predicted. Keywords: Hot-spot temperature, power transformer, top-oil temperature, loss of life

Vortex airflow-assisted melt differential electrospinning for preparing superfine fiber yarns was proposed. This method with solvent-free exhibits a higher yield of 20 ± 5.17 m/min compared to the range of 0–5 m/min achieved by solution electrospinning with organic solvents. Simulation and high-speed photography show that the fibers are aggregated by suction airflow and twisted into yarns by vortex airflow. Polylactic acid (PLA) superfine fiber yarns exhibit fine fiber diameters ranging from 0.96 to 5.57 μm, a yarn diameter of 211.7 ± 40.8 μm, and a high tensile strength of 39.4 ± 3.12 MPa. Furthermore, these PLA melt electrospun yarns can be woven into fabric with a water contact angle of 120.1° and triboelectric voltage of 7.41 V, demonstrating their potential in self-cleaning textiles and flexible smart textiles. Moreover, this method is generally applicable to thermoplastic polymers including polyethylene …