Abstract— Private cars are important for most household

activities in Libyan societies. They give comfort and

convenience to the users to go to different destinations without

affecting other users. However, the total number of private car

and private transport namely taxi and micro buses on the road

increases and causes many problems such as traffic congestion,

accidents, air and noise pollution. This study aims to identify

the factors to support private car drivers shifting to public

transport system (PT) and to develop model shift from private

car to public transport in order to formulate policies to achieve

this. The study has been carried out in Tripoli city authority

areas among private car users who live in the areas with lack

of private transport and no public transport (PT) services. A

questionnaire survey was carried out to study the potential

reduction of private cars on road through optimal use of

suitable public transportation system in order to reduce traffic

problems. The probability of policy car drivers shifting to

public transport was examined based on scenario several

options such as reduce and improve in public transport travel

time, travel cost and car parking. This study has recommended

shift level of level 113 (it means that parking cost will be

increased by Libyan Dinar (LYD) 0.5 as level 1 (low level),

travel time to be improved by 10% as level 1 (low level) and

travel cost to be reduced by at least 50% as level 3 (middle

level)) to be implemented if the targeted PT shift around 60%

to be achieved. The result has shown a logical implementation

to both of the travellers and operators. Statistical Package for

Social Science (SPSS) and Excel 2007 software were used to

descriptive and analysis the questionnaire in this study

Energy and environment are two major problems facing mankind today. Developing environment-friendly and energy-saving technology has always been the focuses of researchers all over the world. Batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells are three widely used or promising devices that can ease the energy and environmental pressures. However, there are still many problems and deficiencies that need to be solved or improved, such as low capacity, low-power density, and poor durability. In order to address these drawbacks, nanofibers are introduced into the application of electrode and electrolyte fabrication because of the high specific surface area, interpenetrating network, and strength. This section will introduce the applications of nanofibers in batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells in detail.

Magnetic nanofibers (MNFs) are integrated with a variety of properties, such as large surface area, high porosity, small size effect and apparent magnetism. This enables MNFs to possess excellent properties of both nanofibers (NFs) and magnetic materials, which greatly widens the application of the original magnetic materials. A brief review of the properties of MNFs, fabrication techniques, and their emerging applications which include biomedical application, sensing and electronic devices, wastewater treatment and microwave absorption is presented. Finally, the development trend and prospect of MNFs in future are summarized and discussed.

0

0

Abstract— The optimized methods for a forecasting demand have been discussed among researchers to overview the most sufficient need in a rapid expansion city. The methods developed test and compare between all interrelated issues. Many variables are involved in the calculation of energy future demand, the prediction makes aggressive result to achieved requirements. After discussing proposed research methods a suitable and accurate approach is elected to be applied for any city to satisfy the public demand. The objectives of this research are to overview all the methods of forecasting of the electrical demand using different approaches , and come out with the most optimum suitable procedure in the field of electrical network for long and short terms. The result indicates a brilliant analysis with high contribution in the electrical industry, will find its application in a global rapid expansion city. The methods show a tradeoff between cost, reliability and complexity of operations regardless of energy generated.

Melt electrospinning is a technique capable of producing micro-and nanofibers with the advantages of being eco-friendly, cost-effective, and applied in many areas such as nonwovens with high performance, biomedicine, high-efficiency filtration, oil sorption, and many others. This chapter describes the current trends on melt electrospinning including advancements in the technique, processing parameters, materials, apparatus, and areas of applications. Melt differential electrospinning which is a new technique for nanofiber production invented by our innovation team of advanced polymer processing has been introduced. Future perspectives on melt electrospinning are also proposed.